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尼古丁測試卡 尼古丁測試卡
廣州健侖生物科技?有限公司
本司長期供應尼古丁(可替寧)檢測試劑盒,其主要品牌包括美國NovaBios、廣州健侖、廣州創侖等進口產品,國產產品,試劑盒的實驗方法是膠體金方法。
我司還提供其它進口或國產試劑盒:登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團菌等試劑盒以及日本生研細菌分型診斷血清、德國SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產品。
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【檢驗原理】本品采用競爭抑制法和膠體金免疫層析法原理定性檢測尿液中的尼古丁,以金標尼古丁單克隆抗體作為指示標記物,在硝酸纖維素膜上的檢測線處和控制線處分別包被尼古丁-BSA結合物和羊抗鼠IgG多克隆抗體。檢測時,尿樣在毛細效應下層析。如尿樣中的尼古丁濃度低于200ng/mL時,金標抗體不能全部與尼古丁結合,未結合的金標抗體在層析過程中與固定在檢測線處的尼古丁-BSA結合物結合,從而在檢測區(T)出現一條紫紅色條帶;如尿樣中尼古丁濃度高于200ng/mL時,金標抗體全部與尼古丁結合,從而在檢測區(T)因為競爭反應不會與尼古丁-BSA結合物結合而不出現紫紅色條帶。無論尿樣中是否存在尼古丁,控制區(C)都會出現一條紫紅色條帶。控制區(C)所呈現的紫紅色條帶是判斷是否有足夠的尿樣,層析過程是否正常的標準,同時也作為試劑的內控標準。
【主要組成成份】
檢測需要但未提供的材料:
【儲存條件及有效期】
儲存條件:原包裝應儲存于4~30℃避光干燥處,切忌冷凍。
有效期:24個月。
試劑盒應在鋁箔袋拆封后1小時內盡快使用;建議在周圍溫度高于30℃或高濕度條件下,盡可能做到即開即用。
【樣本要求】
【檢驗方法】
在進行檢測前必須先完整閱讀使用說明書,使用前將本品和尿樣恢復至室溫(20℃~30℃)。
此外,也有一些野生動物(如狐貍、貂等)感染產氣莢膜梭菌β毒素的報道。雖然B型和C型產氣莢膜梭菌的基因組上同時也攜帶轉錄其他毒素的基因,如α毒素和產氣莢膜梭菌裂解素等,然而研究表明,β毒素是B型和C型菌株的主要致死性。
β毒素是一種致死性毒素,是一種成孔毒素,能裂解細胞,致死動物,可引起人和動物的壞死性腸炎,但其介導的損傷過程的分子機制目前尚未研究透徹。有人研究β毒素對小鼠的zui小致死量,通過不同劑量免疫小鼠發現,β毒素對豚鼠和小鼠的zui小致死量為2ng,半數致死量大約為1.9μg /kg。皮內注射zui小致死量的β毒素能造成豚鼠皮膚壞死等典型癥狀。毒素作用于小鼠皮膚能導致滲出和水腫,實驗發現苯海拉明能抑制毒素對小鼠的滲出作用。
β毒素的感染發病還和機體在營養不良的狀態下或食入含有胰蛋白酶抑制劑的食物時更容易受產氣莢膜梭菌β毒素的侵襲。其原因是胰蛋白酶抑制劑會降阻礙蛋白酶對β毒素的降解作用,進而為壞死性腸炎的發生提供了有利條件。
此外,就該病的發病率而言,新生動物要高于成年動物。這是由于新生動物所攝取的初乳中含有抑制胰蛋白酶特性的成分,所以新生動物更容易感染該病。
在β毒素侵襲的病變部位中:空腸是其主要的病變場所,其病理變化主要表現為腸粘膜出血壞死、腸壁變薄,從而使得腸壁更容易破裂或穿孔;十二指腸基本不受其影響,這可能是由于十二指腸內的胰蛋白酶含量高,抑制了β毒素的活性。在發病腸段的微細血管中常發現有血栓的形成,鏡檢可見有出血、水腫及淋巴細胞浸潤等病理變化。
β毒素是一種成孔毒素,其能夠破壞細胞膜的磷脂雙分子層結構,使其形成擾亂細胞內外離子平衡的通道。這些通道使細胞外的 Na+、Cl-、Ca2+內流和細胞內的 K+外流,這種細胞的去離子化使細胞外液大量涌入細胞,zui終造成細胞腫脹及裂解。目前還未找到β毒素在細胞膜上的靶位分子以及該毒素的敏感細胞,該毒素在細菌感染中的機理尚不清楚。
在β毒素的攻毒試驗中,用含β毒素的肉湯培養物給動物腹腔攻毒后,腸道表現出相應的病理變化,但經胃給予肉湯培養物后則無相應病理變化,其原因可能是β毒素被胃內的蛋白酶水解所致。
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想了解更多的韓國SD產品及服務請掃描下方二維碼:我司還提供其它進口或國產試劑盒:登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團菌等試劑盒以及日本生研細菌分型診斷血清、德國SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產品。
二維碼掃一掃
【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【】 楊永漢
【】
【騰訊 】
【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創新基地番禺石樓鎮創啟路63號二期2幢101-3室
【企業文化宣傳】
In addition, some wild animals (such as foxes, minks, etc.) have also been reported to infect C. perfringens beta toxin. Although the genomes of Clostridium perfringens type B and C also carry genes that transcribe other toxins, such as alpha toxins and Clostridium perfringens, studies have shown that beta toxins are both type B and C The main lethal strain.
β toxin is a lethal toxin that is a pore-forming toxin that can lyse cells and cause death in animals. It can cause necrotizing enterocolitis in humans and animals. However, the molecular mechanism of β-thaliana is not yet thoroughly studied. Some people to study the minimum lethal dose of β toxin in mice, mice were immunized by different doses of β toxin found in guinea pigs and mice, the minimum lethal dose of 2ng, median lethal dose of about 1.9μg / kg. Intradermal injection of the smallest lethal dose of toxin can cause typical symptoms such as skin necrosis in guinea pigs. Toxins can cause exudation and edema on mouse skin. Diphenhydramine was found to inhibit the exudation of toxins in mice.
Infection with [beta] toxins is also more likely to be affected by C. perfringens beta toxin in the body as well as in the body under conditions of malnutrition or when fed in foods containing trypsin inhibitors. The reason is that trypsin inhibitor will decrease the degradation of β-toxin by protease, and thus provide favorable conditions for the occurrence of necrotic enteritis.
In addition, as far as the incidence of the disease is concerned, newborn animals are higher than adult animals. This is because neonatal animals intake of colostrum contains trypsin-inhibiting ingredients, so new animals are more susceptible to the disease.
In the invasion site of beta toxin: jejunum is its main lesion, the pathological changes are mainly manifested as intestinal mucosal hemorrhage and necrosis, thinning of the intestinal wall, making the wall easier to rupture or perforation of the duodenum basically not The effect, which may be due to the high content of trypsin in the duodenum, inhibited the activity of beta toxin. The incidence of intestinal segments of the tiny blood vessels often found in the formation of thrombus, microscopic examination showed bleeding, edema and lymphocyte infiltration and other pathological changes.
Beta toxin is a pore-forming toxin that disrupts the phospholipid bilayer structure of cell membranes and forms channels that disturb the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. These channels make extracellular Na +, Cl-, Ca2 + influx and intracellular K + outflow, deionization of this cell so that a large number of extracellular fluid influx into the cells, eventually resulting in cell swelling and lysis. At present, the target molecule of beta toxin on the cell membrane and the sensitive cells of the toxin have not been found yet. The mechanism of the toxin in bacterial infection is not clear yet.
In the toxin poisoning test, the intestinal tract showed the corresponding pathological changes after intraperitoneal injection of β-toxin-containing broth culture, but there was no corresponding pathological change after the gastric broth culture, The reason may be that beta toxin is hydrolyzed by proteases in the stomach.
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